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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
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A topographical relationship between visual field defects and optic radiation changes in glaucoma.

Megha Kaushik1, Stuart L Graham2, Chenyu Wang3

  • 1Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|August 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Glaucoma patients show significant loss of optic radiation (OR) fibers linked to damaged retinal areas. Early dysfunction in unaffected OR fibers suggests glaucoma impacts the entire posterior visual pathway.

Keywords:
diffusion tensor imagingglaucomaoptic radiationtranssynaptic degeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
  • Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss is a hallmark of glaucoma.
  • The posterior visual pathway, including the optic radiation (OR), is implicated in glaucoma's progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the topographic relationship between RGC loss and changes in the OR.
  • To utilize diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess OR integrity in glaucoma patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study comparing nine primary open-angle glaucoma patients with nine controls.
  • DTI analysis of OR fibers connected to affected and unaffected visual hemifields.
  • Comparative analysis of fiber number, radial diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and fractional anisotropy.

Main Results:

  • Significantly fewer OR fiber bundles in affected OR compared to unaffected OR and controls.
  • Higher radial diffusivity in both affected and unaffected OR compared to controls.
  • Lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity in affected and unaffected OR compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Glaucoma involves a direct loss of OR fibers connected to severely damaged optic nerve head regions.
  • Changes in OR fibers in relatively preserved visual hemifields suggest early dysfunction.
  • Findings support glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease affecting the posterior visual pathway.