Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

4.5K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
4.5K
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

25.7K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
25.7K
Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

6.2K
The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
6.2K
Embryonic Connective Tissues01:20

Embryonic Connective Tissues

6.7K
During early development, the embryo forms two types of connective tissues— the mesenchyme and mucoid connective tissue.
The mesenchyme is the first connective tissue that emerges in the developing embryo. It consists of loosely arranged multipotent mesenchymal cells and reticular fibers in the extracellular matrix. This loose arrangement allows easy migration of cells, which is essential for germ layer positioning, patterning, and organ morphogenesis during embryonic development.
6.7K
Determination01:51

Determination

16.3K
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
16.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Traumatic spinal lesions].

Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

[Postoperative imaging following spinal surgery for traumatic injuries].

Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Effects of glucagon as a neurohormone on the central nervous system and glucose homeostasis.

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences·2024
Same author

[Interdisciplinary discussions, consultative findings and communication of results].

Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)·2023
Same author

Learning Curve for Flow Diversion of Posterior Circulation Aneurysms: A Long-Term International Multicenter Cohort Study.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2022
Same author

[Cerebral vascular malformations].

Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)·2022
Same journal

Der Radiologe·2024
Same journal

Der Radiologe·2024
Same journal

Der Radiologe·2024
Same journal

Der Radiologe·2024
Same journal

Der Radiologe·2022
Same journal

Der Radiologe·2022
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Fate Mapping of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Teratoma Formation
08:56

Fate Mapping of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Teratoma Formation

Published on: August 1, 2010

18.7K

[Germ cell and embryonal tumors].

W Reith1, R Mühl-Benninghaus, A Simgen

  • 1Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66424, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland, Wolfgang.Reith@uniklinikum-saarland.de.

Der Radiologe
|August 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors and embryonal tumors are rare but serious. Diagnosis involves imaging, tumor markers like AFP and hCG, and histology, with treatment tailored to tumor type.

More Related Videos

Teratoma Generation in the Testis Capsule
05:24

Teratoma Generation in the Testis Capsule

Published on: November 7, 2011

23.9K
Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells
14:01

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

Published on: October 22, 2009

15.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Fate Mapping of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Teratoma Formation
08:56

Fate Mapping of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Teratoma Formation

Published on: August 1, 2010

18.7K
Teratoma Generation in the Testis Capsule
05:24

Teratoma Generation in the Testis Capsule

Published on: November 7, 2011

23.9K
Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells
14:01

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

Published on: October 22, 2009

15.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Pediatric oncology
  • Tumor biology

Context:

  • Germ cell tumors (GCTs) represent 3-5% of CNS tumors, encompassing germinomas, teratomas, and others.
  • Embryonal tumors, including medulloblastomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs), constitute 15-20% of CNS tumors.
  • Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, with PNETs being rare supratentorial neoplasms.

Purpose:

  • To outline the classification, diagnostic approaches, and treatment principles for CNS germ cell tumors and embryonal tumors.
  • To highlight key diagnostic markers such as alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG).
  • To differentiate between tumor types based on imaging (MRI, CT) and histological features.

Summary:

  • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, tumor markers (AFP, beta-hCG), MRI, and histology.
  • Germinomas are sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation; teratomas require maximal surgical resection.
  • Medulloblastomas and PNETs have distinct imaging characteristics and treatment considerations, with improving survival rates for pediatric CNS tumors.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview for clinicians managing rare pediatric CNS tumors.
  • Emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and specialized treatment centers.
  • Contributes to the understanding of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for improving outcomes in pediatric neuro-oncology.