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Strong local passivity in finite quantum systems.

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Quantum systems can be classified as strongly locally passive if they cannot be used to extract energy via local quantum operations. This property is linked to ground state entanglement and collective quantum phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Theory
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Passive quantum states prevent energy extraction via cyclic processes.
  • Gibbs states are a known class of passive states across all temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and investigate "Strong Local (SL) passive states" in quantum systems.
  • To explore the relationship between SL passivity, ground state entanglement, and collective quantum phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Defining SL passivity for quantum operations restricted to a subsystem.
  • Analyzing mixtures of eigenstates near a nondegenerate entangled ground state.
  • Examining Gibbs states' SL passivity concerning subsystem temperature.

Main Results:

  • Any mixture of eigenstates near a nondegenerate entangled ground state is SL passive.
  • Gibbs states are SL passive for a subsystem only below a critical temperature.
  • SL passivity is observed in many-body systems and linked to ground state entanglement.

Conclusions:

  • SL passivity is a broader concept than general passivity, allowing local operations.
  • The presence of SL passivity suggests connections to quantum phase transitions, superconductivity, and the quantum Hall effect.
  • SL passivity is not limited to small systems or the immediate vicinity of the ground state.