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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Casimir effect in swimmer suspensions.

C Parra-Rojas1, R Soto2

  • 1Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 487-3, Santiago, Chile and Theoretical Physics Division, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Casimir effect can emerge in microswimmer suspensions due to nonlinear dynamics arising from density fluctuations. This leads to a calculable Casimir drag on immersed objects, dependent on their size.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • The Casimir effect, a quantum mechanical phenomenon, is typically observed in vacuum or simple fluids.
  • Microswimmer suspensions exhibit complex fluid dynamics influenced by self-propulsion and interactions.
  • Previous theories suggested Casimir effects are unlikely in microswimmer systems due to averaging effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence of the Casimir effect in microswimmer suspensions.
  • To theoretically determine the Casimir drag on objects immersed in such suspensions.
  • To explore the role of nonlinear dynamics and density fluctuations.

Main Methods:

  • Development of coarse-grained equations for microswimmer suspensions.
  • Application of tools from nonequilibrium statistical mechanics.
  • Computation of Casimir drag using correlation functions between density fields.

Main Results:

  • Casimir drag can arise in microswimmer suspensions, contrary to initial expectations.
  • The drag depends on the correlation function of rescaled density and dipolar density fields.
  • For correlations with medium-range order, drag is independent of correlation length when it exceeds a microscopic cutoff.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinear dynamics, driven by density fluctuations in discrete microswimmer systems, enable Casimir effects.
  • The derived Casimir drag offers a quantitative prediction for interactions in active matter.
  • The findings provide insights into fundamental physics in complex fluid environments.