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Single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) for rectal resection appears feasible and safe in the short term for selected patients. Further research is needed to confirm oncological safety and long-term benefits of this minimally invasive approach.

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Area of Science:

  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Colorectal Surgery
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) is well-documented for colonic procedures, but data on its application in rectal resection remain limited.
  • This review addresses the scarcity of information regarding SPLS for rectal diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and complication profile of single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) for rectal diseases.
  • To analyze intra-operative details, short-term oncological outcomes, and early complication rates.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Embase databases following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Included studies focused on SPLS for high/low anterior resection, Hartmann's operation, and abdominoperineal resection.
  • Outcome measures included operative details, complications, oncological data, and length of hospital stay.

Main Results:

  • No randomized controlled trials were identified; analysis based on case series and reports of 120 patients.
  • Operative times ranged from 79 to 280 minutes, with conversion rates of 12% to conventional laparoscopy and 2.5% to open surgery.
  • Post-operative complication rate was 25.5%, with 13-18 lymph nodes harvested in malignant cases. No 30-day mortality was reported.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term findings indicate that SPLS for rectal disease is feasible and safe when performed by experienced surgeons in select patients.
  • Oncological safety and potential long-term benefits of SPLS for rectal resection require further investigation.
  • Future rectal SPLS procedures should be conducted within a standardized, protocol-driven framework.