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Related Concept Videos

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

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Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Author Spotlight: A Model to Study the Systemic and Local Dynamics of CD8+ T Cells During LN Metastasis
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A rapidly growing lid lump.

Su-Yin Koay1, Richard M H Lee1, Charles Hugkulstone1

  • 1Ophthalmology Department, Queen Mary's Hospital, Kent, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare eyelid cancer, can present as a rapidly growing lump. Early consideration of this diagnosis is crucial for patients with suspicious eyelid lesions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Dermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive skin cancer.
  • Primary eyelid MCC is exceptionally uncommon, posing diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

  • A 97-year-old female presented with a 5-month history of a rapidly growing, painless left upper eyelid lesion.
  • Examination revealed a large, vascularized, ulcerated nodule causing significant ptosis.

Findings:

  • Histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • The diagnosis was made despite the rarity of primary eyelid MCC.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering MCC in elderly patients with rapidly evolving eyelid masses.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management are critical due to MCC's high morbidity and mortality.