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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Considerations when investigating lncRNA function in vivo.

Andrew R Bassett1, Asifa Akhtar2, Denise P Barlow3

  • 1Andrew R Bassett is in the MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. andrew.bassett@path.ox.ac.uk.

Elife
|August 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigating animal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in vivo is challenging due to overlapping regulatory elements. New experimental designs are needed to clarify lncRNA functions in development and disease.

Keywords:
Science forumbrain developmentdevelopmental defectknockout mouse modelslethalitylong non-coding RNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play roles in cellular processes, but their in vivo functions remain largely unknown.
  • Distinguishing lncRNA function from adjacent regulatory elements is difficult.
  • Differentiating between cis- and trans-acting effects of lncRNAs presents a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss current techniques for studying in vivo lncRNA function.
  • To highlight challenges in attributing phenotypes solely to lncRNAs.
  • To propose experimental designs for investigating lncRNA loci mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing methodologies for lncRNA functional studies.
  • Analysis of different lncRNA molecular mechanisms.
  • Consideration of experimental approaches for lncRNA gene mutation.

Main Results:

  • Current methods have limitations in unequivocally determining lncRNA function in vivo.
  • Phenotypic effects of genomic locus deletions are often confounded by the loss of other regulatory elements.
  • The distinction between cis- and trans-effects requires careful experimental design.

Conclusions:

  • Further investigation into lncRNA function requires overcoming technical challenges.
  • Improved experimental designs are crucial for understanding the roles of lncRNAs in biological processes.
  • Clarifying lncRNA roles is essential for understanding development and disease.