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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and low bone mass: A case-control study.

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Over 90% of Saudi Arabian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have low bone mass, including osteopenia and osteoporosis. These bone conditions in COPD patients are often under-diagnosed and undertreated.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is linked to low bone mass, specifically osteopenia and osteoporosis.
  • Limited data exists regarding the prevalence of low bone mass in COPD patients within Saudi Arabia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in patients with COPD.
  • To assess low bone mass in COPD patients attending King Fahd Hospital of the University (KFHU), Alkhobar.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study including 49 COPD patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up.
  • Data collected included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), blood bone profile, bone biomarkers, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans.
  • Osteopenia defined as T-score -1 to -2.5; osteoporosis as T-score <-2.5, per WHO criteria.

Main Results:

  • 93.9% of studied COPD patients (46 out of 49) exhibited low bone mass.
  • Prevalence of osteoporosis was 65.3% (32 patients), and osteopenia was 28.57% (14 patients).
  • Significantly lower FEV1 values were observed in patients with low bone mass compared to those with normal bone density.

Conclusions:

  • A high prevalence (over 90%) of osteopenia and osteoporosis exists in Saudi Arabian COPD patients.
  • Low bone mass in COPD patients remains significantly under-diagnosed and undertreated in the region.