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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

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Stem-loop recognition by DDX17 facilitates miRNA processing and antiviral defense.

Ryan H Moy1, Brian S Cole2, Ari Yasunaga1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Penn Genome Frontiers Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Cell
|August 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The DEAD-box helicase DDX17 restricts Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infection. This immune role is conserved and independent of interferon, involving DDX17 binding to viral RNA and host microRNA precursors.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • DEAD-box helicases are crucial for RNA metabolism.
  • Emerging evidence indicates their involvement in immune responses.
  • Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) poses significant health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of DEAD-box helicase DDX17 in immunity against RVFV.
  • To determine if DDX17's function is conserved and interferon-independent.

Main Methods:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) screening in Drosophila and human cells.
  • Viral replication assays.
  • Crosslinking immunoprecipitation high-throughput sequencing (CLIP-seq).

Main Results:

  • Loss of DDX17 (Rm62 in Drosophila) enhanced RVFV infection.
  • Depletion of human DDX17, but not DDX5, increased RVFV replication.
  • DDX17 binds host pri-miRNA stem loops for processing and viral RNA stem loops to restrict infection.

Conclusions:

  • DDX17 plays a conserved, interferon-independent role in restricting RVFV infection.
  • DDX17 exhibits dual stem-loop recognition: facilitating host miRNA biogenesis and restricting viral RNA.
  • DDX17 acts as a cytoplasmic sensor for structured viral RNA elements.