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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

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Dissecting engineered cell types and enhancing cell fate conversion via CellNet.

Samantha A Morris1, Patrick Cahan1, Hu Li2

  • 1Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

Cell
|August 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CellNet, a network biology platform, improves engineered cell development for regenerative medicine by identifying and correcting gene regulatory errors. This technology enhances cell conversion and reveals new therapeutic potentials for engineered cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular reprogramming and regenerative medicine
  • Network biology and gene regulatory networks
  • Biotechnology and bioengineering

Background:

  • Current cell engineering protocols often fail to replicate target cell characteristics, limiting applications in regenerative medicine.
  • Faithfully recapitulating cell identity and function in vitro remains a significant challenge.
  • Understanding gene regulatory networks is crucial for successful cell engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce CellNet, a network biology platform for assessing and improving engineered cells.
  • To diagnose aberrant gene regulatory networks in engineered cells.
  • To identify transcriptional regulators for enhancing cell conversions.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of the CellNet platform.
  • Analysis of gene regulatory networks governing cell identity.
  • Experimental validation of predicted regulators in cell conversion protocols (e.g., B cells to macrophages, fibroblasts to hepatocytes).

Main Results:

  • CellNet successfully improved B cell to macrophage conversion efficiency, both transcriptionally and functionally.
  • CellNet identified an unexpected intestinal program in fibroblasts converted to induced hepatocytes (iHeps), regulated by Cdx2.
  • Induced hepatocytes demonstrated long-term functional engraftment in mouse colon, indicating potential as endoderm progenitors.

Conclusions:

  • CellNet is a valuable tool for improving direct cell conversion and ensuring the fidelity of engineered cells.
  • The platform can uncover previously unappreciated properties and potential applications of engineered cells.
  • This work advances the field of regenerative medicine by providing a method to enhance cell engineering and discover novel cell functionalities.