Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 25, 2026

04:19
Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
Published on: November 8, 2024
1.7K
Upper thoracic pedicle screws loss of fixation causing spinal cord injury
Ignacio Sanpera1, Gabriel Piza-Vallespir, Jesus Burgos-Flores
1*Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca †Department of Orthopaedic, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics
|August 16, 2014
Abstract
No abstract available in PubMed .
Related Concept Videos
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology
18
Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
18
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology
39
Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
39

