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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Published on: July 21, 2018

Phase-resolved surface plasmon interferometry of graphene.

Justin A Gerber¹, Samuel Berweger¹, Brian T O'Callahan¹

¹Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|August 16, 2014

Summary

We visualize graphene

Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Materials science
Nanophotonics

Background:

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in graphene are sensitive to electronic properties.
Understanding SPP behavior is crucial for graphene-based optoelectronics.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a method for imaging graphene SPPs in phase and amplitude.
To analyze SPP interactions with graphene's electronic structure and defects.
To explore new avenues for graphene SPP tuning.

Main Methods:

Near-field interferometry was used to excite and image graphene SPPs.
An analytic cavity model was developed to describe SPP response.
The model analyzed SPP reflection and scattering at edges, grain boundaries, and defects.

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Main Results:

The model accurately derived SPP wave vector, damping, and carrier mobility.
Nanoscale spatial inhomogeneity in reduced conductivity was observed at internal boundaries.
Fermi level and dopant concentration variations were linked to conductivity changes.

Conclusions:

SPP phase information provides a new degree of freedom for graphene manipulation.
This technique enables spatial and spectral tuning of graphene SPPs.
Potential applications in advanced optoelectronics are highlighted.