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Studying progression from glucose intolerance to type 2 diabetes in obese children

Irina A Dubinina1, Dimitry A Chistiakov2, Irina A Eremina1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russia.

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome
|August 16, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Insulin resistance (IR) drives the progression from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in obese children. The PPARG gene variant Pro12Ala may genetically influence this T2D development.

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic disorders and genetics
  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Obesity research

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a growing concern, increasing the risk of metabolic dysregulation.
  • Understanding the transition from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is crucial for early intervention.
  • Identifying key metabolic and genetic factors is essential for predicting disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify metabolic and genetic factors influencing the progression from NGT to IGT and T2D in obese children.
  • To investigate the role of insulin resistance (IR) and specific gene variants in this metabolic pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Studied four groups of children: obese with NGT, IGT, T2D, and non-obese controls.
  • Assessed insulin resistance (IR) using HOMA-IR and insulin sensitivity (IS) using the Matsuda index.
  • Genotyped DNA for variants in PPARG, ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, FTO, TCF7L2, and KCNJ11 using real-time PCR.

Main Results:

  • Children with T2D exhibited significantly higher HOMA-IR values compared to those with IGT and NGT.
  • The Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARG gene was significantly associated with obesity and T2D in obese children.
  • Increased insulin resistance was a key metabolic factor in the progression to T2D.

Conclusions:

  • Insulin resistance is a primary risk factor mediating the progression from NGT to T2D in obese Russian children.
  • The Pro12Ala variant of the PPARG gene may play a role in the genetic predisposition to T2D in this population.
  • Targeting IR and considering genetic predispositions could be vital for managing childhood obesity and preventing T2D.
Abstract

Keywords:
Glucose toleranceInsulin resistanceInsulin sensitivityObesityPPARG

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