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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
Published on: June 6, 2025
The effect of CTLA-4 A49G polymorphism on rheumatoid arthritis risk: a meta-analysis
Gang Li, Fengjun Shi1, Jingchen Liu
1Department of Orthopaedics, Daqing General Hospital Group Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing 163001, China. junfeng_shi001@163.com.
Background:
Recently, a number of studies have been performed to explore the association between CTLA-4 A49G polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the results of previous works are still controversial and ambiguous.
Methods:
In this work, we attempted to perform an updated meta-analysis of available case-control study in order to assess the association between CTLA-4 A49G polymorphism and RA risk. We searched the various citation databases without limits on languages. Article searching was performed by screening the references of retrieved studies manually. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the association.
Results:
We totally compiled 27 studies in 24 articles (9805 RA patients and 10691 control subjects) into our meta-analysis work. We found significant association between CTL-A4 A49G polymorphism and RA risk (GG vs. AA: OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.03-1.23; GA vs. AA: OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.07-1.33; GA + GG vs. AA: OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.07-1.29). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, evidences of significantly increased risk was also found in both Asian (GG vs. AA: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.15-1.55; GA + GG vs. AA: OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.08-1.41) and Caucasian population (GA vs. AA: OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.03-1.37; GA + GG vs. AA: OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01-1.29). No evidence of publication bias was found in this work.
Conclusions:
Our meta-analysis suggests that CTLA-4 A49G polymorphism was associated with RA risk.
Virtual Slides:
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_157.
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