[Appropriate use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the management of hematologic malignancies]

There are two main types of therapy for hematologic malignancies: intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT). The roles of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)in patients receiving HSCT are the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells/progenitor cells into peripheral blood and the enhancement of neutrophil recovery as therapy or prophylaxis for fatal complications following HSCT. In the treatment of acute leukemias, G-CSF is used as therapy or prophylaxis for febrile complications during remission induction and post-remission therapies. In the treatment of lymphomas, primary prophylactic G-CSF is recommended during all cycles of chemotherapy when the expected incidence of neutropenic fever is more than 20% or when the patient is treated with potentially curative regimens. G-CSF is used as secondary prophylaxis to maintain dose intensity in patients with lymphomas treated in settings where reductions in chemotherapy dose intensity or dose density are associated with poorer prognosis. In the treatment of multiple myelomas, prophylactic G-CSF can be used when there is a high estimated risk of neutropenic fever(e. g., in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy). For all cases, the appropriate use of G-CSF is recommended in accordance with the guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology(ASCO), European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer(EORTC), Infectious Diseases Society of America(IDSA), National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN), and our JSCO-2013.