Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

15.2K
The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
15.2K
Induced Electric Fields01:23

Induced Electric Fields

3.8K
The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
3.8K
Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

2.7K
An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Enhancing Affective Cognitive Control in Bipolar Disorder Using Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial and Proof of Concept Study.

Bipolar disorders·2026
Same author

Assessing the effects of non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation (tACS and tDCS) on electrophysiological sleep parameters - a systematic review.

Sleep medicine reviews·2026
Same author

Toward a biomimetic neurostimulation taxonomy: Distinguishing replay approaches from engineered transcranial endogenous current stimulation.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Suppression of endogenous alpha power predicts clinical response to 10 Hz tACS in major depressive disorder: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Brain stimulation·2026
Same author

Neural Oscillations Track Subjective and Pupillary Arousal During Naturalistic Movie Viewing.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same author

Sustained benefits of closed-loop transcranial alternating current stimulation (CL-tACS) on depression: a 12-week open-label clinical trial.

European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice
07:33

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

11.5K

Endogenous cortical oscillations constrain neuromodulation by weak electric fields.

Stephen L Schmidt1, Apoorva K Iyengar2, A Alban Foulser3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

Brain Stimulation
|August 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) enhances brain oscillations but cannot override them. Precise frequency matching to endogenous brain rhythms is key for effective neuromodulation with tACS.

Keywords:
Electric fieldMultielectrode arrayOptogeneticsResonanceTranscranial alternating current stimulationtACS

More Related Videos

Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Local Field Potentials and Multi-unit Activity from the Hyperdirect Pathway in Anesthetized Rats
10:46

Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Local Field Potentials and Multi-unit Activity from the Hyperdirect Pathway in Anesthetized Rats

Published on: June 22, 2017

15.3K
External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
08:32

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures

Published on: May 7, 2017

12.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice
07:33

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

11.5K
Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Local Field Potentials and Multi-unit Activity from the Hyperdirect Pathway in Anesthetized Rats
10:46

Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Local Field Potentials and Multi-unit Activity from the Hyperdirect Pathway in Anesthetized Rats

Published on: June 22, 2017

15.3K
External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
08:32

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures

Published on: May 7, 2017

12.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Neurostimulation

Background:

  • Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique.
  • tACS aims to modulate cognition by enhancing endogenous neocortical oscillations using electric fields.
  • The influence of ongoing network activity on tACS efficacy remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how ongoing cortical oscillations affect the efficacy of weak electric fields used in tACS.
  • To determine if endogenous brain rhythms constrain the neuromodulatory effects of tACS.
  • To elucidate the relationship between network activity and electric field stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized optogenetic stimulation and multichannel slice electrophysiology in mouse neocortical slices.
  • Generated in vivo-like cortical oscillations to study tACS effects under controlled conditions.
  • Applied weak sine-wave electric fields to assess their impact on oscillatory activity.

Main Results:

  • Weak electric fields amplified existing brain oscillations.
  • Stimulation failed to alter oscillation frequency when not matched to endogenous rhythms.
  • The influence of electric fields was constrained by intrinsic network dynamics, particularly with weak fields.
  • tACS appears to enhance rather than override intrinsic network dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Endogenous brain oscillations limit the effects of tACS.
  • The frequency of tACS must be precisely matched to endogenous oscillations for optimal neuromodulation.
  • Findings may explain variability in human tACS studies and guide future non-invasive brain stimulation designs.