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Role of immune dysfunction in pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children

Jin-Shui He1, Pu-Song Xie1, Dao-Shu Luo2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine
|August 18, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) exhibit immune dysfunction, characterized by increased inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and decreased regulatory T cells (Tregs). This immune imbalance is crucial in T1DM development.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with complex pathogenesis.
  • Cytokines, chemokines, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key immune mediators implicated in T1DM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of specific cytokines, chemokines, and Tregs in pediatric T1DM pathogenesis.
  • To compare immune profiles between children with T1DM and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Serum cytokine and chemokine levels were measured using ELISA in 35 children with T1DM and 30 controls.
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated, and cytokine secretion was analyzed.
  • Flow cytometry quantified the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in PBMCs.

Main Results:

  • Children with T1DM showed significantly elevated serum IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α, and MIP-1α compared to controls.
  • Stimulated PBMCs from T1DM patients secreted more IL-1α and TNF-α, but less IL-10.
  • The proportion of Tregs was significantly lower in children with T1DM.

Conclusions:

  • Immune dysfunction, marked by elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α, MIP-1α), reduced IL-10, and decreased Tregs, is central to pediatric T1DM pathogenesis.
  • These findings highlight potential therapeutic targets for T1DM.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChemokineCytokineRegulatory T cellType 1 diabetes mellitus

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