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Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
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Changes in the environment of the early Earth drove the evolution of organisms. As prokaryotic organisms in the oceans began to photosynthesize, they produced oxygen. Eventually, oxygen saturated the oceans and entered the air, resulting in an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, known as the oxygen revolution approximately 2.3 billion years ago. Therefore, organisms that could use oxygen for cellular respiration had an advantage. More than 1.5 years ago, eukaryotic cells and...
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Colonization dynamics of ciliate morphotypes modified by shifting sandy sediments.

Ute Risse-Buhl1, Katja Felsmann1, Michael Mutz1

  • 1Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, Department of Freshwater Conservation, Seestraße 45, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany.

European Journal of Protistology
|August 18, 2014
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Sediment shifting significantly impacts ciliate communities in streams. Different ciliate species show varied responses to sediment disturbance, affecting their abundance and distribution in stream ecosystems.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Aquatic Ecology
  • Microbial Ecology
  • Stream Ecology

Background:

  • Sandy stream-bed sediments host diverse ciliate communities.
  • These sediments are subjected to various disturbance regimes, including shifting.
  • Ciliate colonization dynamics are influenced by environmental factors like sediment stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of sediment shifting on ciliate colonization dynamics.
  • To compare the responses of different ciliate morphotypes to varying sediment shifting frequencies.
  • To understand how sediment dynamics influence the structure and distribution of ciliate communities.

Main Methods:

  • Microcosm experiments were conducted to simulate different sediment shifting frequencies (stable, periodic, continuous).
  • The abundance and growth rates of three distinct ciliate morphotypes were monitored in sediment pore water and overlying water.
  • Observations were made on the feeding strategies and behaviors of the studied ciliate species.

Main Results:

  • Sediment shifting significantly affected ciliate abundance and growth rates.
  • The free-swimming filter feeder Dexiostoma campylum was negatively impacted by sediment shifting, showing reduced abundance in pore water.
  • The vagile grasper feeder Chilodonella uncinata and sessile filter feeder Vorticella convallaria successfully colonized sediments under periodic and continuous shifting.

Conclusions:

  • Spatio-temporal patterns of sediment dynamics are crucial factors influencing ciliate community structure, distribution, and function in sand-bed streams.
  • Different ciliate morphotypes exhibit varying adaptations to sediment disturbance, leading to differential colonization success.
  • Understanding these dynamics is essential for predicting the ecological roles of ciliates in stream ecosystems.