Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...

Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines

Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines

Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...

Factors Affecting Solubility

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:

Acid Mine Drainage

Acid Mine Drainage

Mining activities that disturb sulfide-rich rocks, particularly those containing pyrite (FeS₂), initiate a cascade of geochemical and microbiological processes with serious environmental implications. When exposed to air and water, pyrite undergoes oxidation, releasing sulfate, ultimately forming sulfuric acid and mobilizing heavy metals into surrounding water systems. This phenomenon, known as acid mine drainage (AMD), results in low pH waters laden with toxic elements that threaten...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Advanced Wastewater Treatment by Ozonation for Abatement of Micropollutants from Municipal Wastewater Effluents.

Chimia·2025

Same author

Concept development of a mainstream deammonification and comparison with conventional process in terms of energy, performance and economical construction perspectives.

Frontiers in microbiology·2023

Same author

N<sub>2</sub>O emission in full-scale wastewater treatment: Proposing a refined monitoring strategy.

The Science of the total environment·2019

Same author

Evaluation of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant upgraded with ozonation and biological post-treatments: Abatement of micropollutants, formation of transformation products and oxidation by-products.

Water research·2017

Same author

Performance of granular activated carbon to remove micropollutants from municipal wastewater-A meta-analysis of pilot- and large-scale studies.

Chemosphere·2017

Same author

Transformation of AgCl nanoparticles in a sewer system--A field study.

The Science of the total environment·2015

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

Published on: January 22, 2015

(NH4)2SO4 recovery from liquid side streams.

Marc Anton Boehler¹, Alexander Heisele, Alexander Seyfried

¹Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Process Engineering, Überlandstrasse 133, Postfach 611, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland, marc.boehler@eawag.ch.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International

|August 19, 2014

Summary

This study presents two nitrogen recovery methods from wastewater. Ammonia stripping with CO₂ removal and a membrane-based process were optimized, demonstrating effective nitrogen removal and resource recovery from sludge water and urine.

More Related Videos

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

Published on: August 23, 2017

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Published on: October 10, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

Published on: January 22, 2015

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

Published on: August 23, 2017

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Published on: October 10, 2013

Area of Science:

Environmental Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

Liquid side streams in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contain significant amounts of nitrogen, posing environmental challenges.
Efficient nitrogen recovery is crucial for resource management and reducing the environmental impact of wastewater.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate and optimize two distinct methods for nitrogen recovery from liquid wastewater streams.
To assess the operational parameters and effectiveness of ammonia stripping and membrane-based ammonia removal.

Main Methods:

Ammonia stripping: Demonstrated at a WWTP, incorporating a CO₂ stripping column to reduce chemical demand and optimize energy consumption. Tested with sludge water and source-separated urine.
Membrane-based removal: Utilized hydrophobic hollow fiber membranes in pilot systems to recover ammonia as ammonium sulfate from sludge liquid.

Main Results:

The ammonia stripping process was optimized, successfully treating up to 1.4 m³/h of source-separated urine.
The membrane process effectively recovered ammonia by diffusion through hydrophobic membranes into sulfuric acid, with operational data collected.

Conclusions:

Both ammonia stripping with enhanced CO₂ removal and membrane-based ammonia recovery are viable technologies for nitrogen recovery from wastewater.
Optimization of operational parameters is key to maximizing efficiency and minimizing losses in nitrogen recovery processes.