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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

Cancer Survival Analysis

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Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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[Carcinoma unknown primary-clinical practice].

Yusuke Onozawa1

  • 1Division of Clinical Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
|August 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Carcinomas of unknown primary (CUP) are diagnosed via biopsy when the primary tumor site is unidentified. Early identification of favorable prognosis groups is crucial for effective cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Genomics

Context:

  • Carcinomas of unknown primary (CUP) present a diagnostic challenge where metastatic cancer is confirmed, but the origin remains elusive despite comprehensive investigations.
  • Clinical management relies heavily on pathological diagnosis and advanced imaging techniques to guide treatment decisions for CUP cases.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the diagnostic criteria and clinical significance of carcinomas of unknown primary.
  • To emphasize the importance of identifying the subset of CUP patients with a favorable prognosis, representing approximately 20% of cases.
  • To introduce the emerging role of microarray studies in the investigation of CUP.

Summary:

  • CUP is defined as metastatic carcinoma where the primary tumor cannot be located through extensive examinations.

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  • Accurate pathological diagnosis and diagnostic imaging are paramount in managing CUP.
  • Recent advancements include the application of microarray studies to better understand and potentially classify CUP.

    • Impact:

    • Improved diagnostic strategies for carcinomas of unknown primary.
    • Enhanced ability to identify patients with a favorable prognosis, leading to tailored and potentially more effective treatment plans.
    • Potential for novel therapeutic approaches informed by genomic data from microarray studies in CUP.