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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
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Transcription Initiation01:47

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Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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General Transcription Factors01:30

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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
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Transcript elongation factors: shaping transcriptomes after transcript initiation.

Mieke Van Lijsebettens1, Klaus D Grasser2

  • 1Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium.

Trends in Plant Science
|August 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Transcript elongation factors (TEFs) are crucial for plant gene expression. These factors regulate diverse growth and developmental processes by modulating RNA polymerase II activity in the chromatin context.

Keywords:
RNA polymerase II transcriptionchromatinhistonenucleosomeplant development

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Eukaryotic gene transcription involves a dynamic elongation step regulated by various factors.
  • Transcript elongation factors (TEFs) modulate RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) activity, histone chaperones, and histone modifiers in plants.
  • These TEFs fine-tune gene expression by controlling elongation efficiency within the chromatin context.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how genetic and biochemical analyses have advanced the understanding of TEFs in plant gene transcription.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which TEFs adjust plant gene transcription.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic analyses, primarily in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • Review of biochemical analyses, primarily in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Main Results:

  • TEFs are essential for regulating plant growth and development.
  • TEFs modulate diverse biological processes, including hormone signaling, circadian clock, pathogen defense, light responses, and developmental transitions.
  • Studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have significantly advanced our understanding of TEF function.

Conclusions:

  • TEFs play a critical role in coordinating complex plant processes.
  • Understanding TEFs provides insights into gene expression regulation in plants.
  • TEFs are key targets for modulating plant development and responses.