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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA regulons in tumor microenvironment.

H I Suzuki1, A Katsura1, H Matsuyama1

  • 1Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Oncogene
|August 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the tumor microenvironment, influencing cancer progression and therapy resistance. This review explores how miRNAs in tumor and neighboring cells shape the microenvironment for therapeutic strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Tumor initiation and progression involve cancer cell behavior and microenvironment interactions.
  • The tumor microenvironment constantly evolves, impacting metastasis and therapeutic response.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, acting as tumor suppressors or promoters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of miRNAs in modulating the tumor microenvironment.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of miRNA-mediated regulation in tumor evolution.
  • To provide a perspective on miRNA-based therapeutic interventions for cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in miRNA research and tumor microenvironment.
  • Analysis of miRNA functions in non-cell-autonomous and cell-autonomous contexts.
  • Synthesis of findings on miRNA impact on angiogenesis, immune invasion, and stromal interactions.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs within tumor cells alter the microenvironment through non-cell-autonomous mechanisms.
  • miRNAs in neighboring cells reinforce cancer traits by stabilizing hallmark characteristics.
  • miRNA dysregulation affects critical processes like tumor angiogenesis and immune evasion.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs play dual roles (distal and proximal) in shaping the tumor microenvironment.
  • Understanding these miRNA functions is crucial for developing novel cancer therapies.
  • Targeting miRNA pathways offers potential for overcoming therapeutic refractoriness.