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Related Concept Videos

Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

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Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
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Phosphodiester Linkages01:01

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Overview
Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
Phosphodiester Bonds Link Nucleotides Together
DNA and RNA are polynucleotides or long chains of nucleotides that are linked together. A nucleotide is...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application
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Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application

Published on: March 8, 2019

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Biodegradable poly(ester urethane)urea elastomers with variable amino content for subsequent functionalization with

Jun Fang1, Sang-Ho Ye2, Venkat Shankarraman2

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.

Acta Biomaterialia
|August 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biodegradable elastomers were modified using bulk functionalization to create long-lasting, non-thrombogenic materials. This approach enhances biomaterial performance for blood-contacting applications.

Keywords:
Biodegradable polyurethaneBulk modificationCardiovascular biomaterialZwitterion

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Stabilizing Hepatocellular Phenotype Using Optimized Synthetic Surfaces
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Surface modification of biomaterials offers temporary benefits for cell interactions.
  • Degradable polymers require more enduring functionalization strategies.
  • Bulk modification with pendant reactive groups provides a lasting approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop biodegradable poly(ester urethane)urea elastomers with tunable amino content (PEUU-NH2).
  • To synthesize and conjugate carboxylated phosphorylcholine (PC) for bulk functionalization, creating PEUU-PC polymers.
  • To evaluate the impact of amine incorporation and PC conjugation on material properties and biological performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of PEUU-NH2 polymers with varying amine content.
  • Conjugation of carboxylated phosphorylcholine to PEUU-NH2 polymers.
  • Characterization using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
  • Assessment of mechanical, thermal, degradation, water absorption, platelet adhesion, and cell proliferation properties.

Main Results:

  • Water absorption increased with amine content and PC conjugation.
  • Tensile strength and initial modulus decreased with increasing hydrophilicity in wet conditions but remained within a functional range (5-30 MPa and 10-20 MPa).
  • PC conjugation significantly reduced platelet adhesion and inhibited rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Biodegradable PEUU-PC elastomers exhibit non-thrombogenic and biodegradable properties suitable for coatings and blood-contacting scaffolds.
  • The PEUU-NH2 base polymers allow for versatile conjugation of multiple biofunctional groups.
  • Bulk functionalization offers a durable strategy for enhancing biodegradable polymer performance in biomedical applications.