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The vaginal canal is a tubular structure averaging about 10 cm in length that acts as the entryway to the female reproductive system and the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth. The interior walls of the vagina exhibit concentric folds called rugae and are topped by an area known as the fornix, which connects with the protruding cervical portion of the uterus. This canal is comprised of an external fibrous layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner lining with mucosal rugae, which...
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The...
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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal...
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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows...
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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
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Protocols for Vaginal Inoculation and Sample Collection in the Experimental Mouse Model of Candida vaginitis
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Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis.

Orna Reichman1, Jack Sobel2

  • 1Dept. of Obstetric and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|August 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis (DIV) is a rare chronic vaginal inflammation primarily affecting Caucasian women during perimenopause. Treatment with anti-inflammatory agents like vaginal clindamycin or corticosteroids is effective, though relapses are common.

Keywords:
desquamative inflammatory vaginitispurulent vaginitis

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Vaginal Health

Background:

  • Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis (DIV) is an uncommon, chronic purulent vaginitis.
  • It predominantly affects Caucasian women, particularly during perimenopause.
  • DIV is a diagnosis of exclusion, requiring differentiation from other causes of purulent vaginitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the characteristics, diagnosis, and management of desquamative inflammatory vaginitis (DIV).

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options for DIV.
  • Microscopic examination of vaginal secretions revealing increased inflammatory and parabasal cells.
  • Vaginal pH is consistently elevated above 4.5.

Main Results:

  • Key symptoms include purulent discharge, vestibulo-vaginal irritation, and dyspareunia.
  • Physical examination may show erythema and petechiae on vaginal walls.
  • Microscopy confirms increased inflammatory cells and parabasal cells, with abnormal vaginal flora.

Conclusions:

  • The etiology of DIV is unknown but likely immune-mediated, suggested by response to anti-inflammatory agents.
  • Treatment options include local vaginal clindamycin or corticosteroids.
  • Due to its chronic nature and common relapses, maintenance therapy should be considered.