Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Correlations02:20

Correlations

34.7K
Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other. We can measure correlation by calculating a statistic known as a correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between...
34.7K
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

2.5K
There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...
2.5K
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

2.8K
Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
2.8K
Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

2.8K
Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
2.8K
Assessment of Respiration01:23

Assessment of Respiration

2.3K
The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like...
2.3K
Factors Affecting Respiration01:24

Factors Affecting Respiration

8.8K
Respiration is a crucial physiological function involving exchanging oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between an organism and its environment. Various factors can impact this essential process:
8.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Phenotypic and Physiological Changes Associated with Senescence in Stay-Green <i>Elymus sibiricus</i> and Germplasm Screening.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Differential Controlling Factors of Organic Matter Enrichment and Hydrocarbon Generation Potential: A Case Study of the Chang 7<sub>3</sub> Submember Shale in the Northwestern Ordos Basin.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

From neural stem cells to cell-free exosome nanotherapy: reprogramming the injured spinal cord microenvironment for regeneration.

Journal of materials chemistry. B·2026
Same author

An online cutaneous melanoma risk screen tool.

Melanoma research·2026
Same author

Diagenesis and Petroleum Significance of Veins in Marine Carbonate: A Case Study from the Subsalt Ordovician Fourth Member of the Majiagou Formation, Ordos Basin, China.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Closed-Loop Decoding and Intervention of Pain: A Novel BMI Strategy Integrating θ-Band Detection and Mechano-Electro-Biological Coupled Hydrogels.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

9.3K

Correlation study in respiration fluctuations during sleep stages.

Yanjun Zhang1, Xiangmin Zhang2, Chengwen Yan3

  • 1School of Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China Jinan University, Guangdong, China.

Technology and Health Care : Official Journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine
|August 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Breathing rates during sleep stages vary, indicating distinct autonomic regulation. Respiratory rates exhibit long-range correlations across all sleep stages, including wake, light, slow-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

Keywords:
Sleep stagesautocorrelationdetrended fluctuation analysis (DFA)

More Related Videos

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
07:40

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

Published on: January 26, 2019

7.3K
Method to Obtain Pattern of Breathing in Senescent Mice through Unrestrained Barometric Plethysmography
09:13

Method to Obtain Pattern of Breathing in Senescent Mice through Unrestrained Barometric Plethysmography

Published on: April 28, 2020

6.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

9.3K
Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
07:40

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

Published on: January 26, 2019

7.3K
Method to Obtain Pattern of Breathing in Senescent Mice through Unrestrained Barometric Plethysmography
09:13

Method to Obtain Pattern of Breathing in Senescent Mice through Unrestrained Barometric Plethysmography

Published on: April 28, 2020

6.0K

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Sleep Science
  • Respiratory Regulation

Background:

  • Healthy sleep involves distinct stages: wake, light, slow-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
  • Clinical observations suggest breathing patterns differ across sleep stages, but empirical data is limited.
  • Understanding sleep-related breathing variations is crucial for the sleep and breathing domain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To statistically analyze respiratory characteristics during different human sleep stages.
  • To quantify variations in breathing patterns across wake, light, SWS, and REM sleep.
  • To investigate the long-range correlation of respiratory rates during sleep.

Main Methods:

  • Respiratory rates were determined using the autocorrelation method.
  • Mean and standard deviation of respiratory rates were calculated for each sleep stage.
  • Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) was employed to assess long-range correlations in respiratory rates.

Main Results:

  • Mean respiratory rates (cycles per minute, CPM) were: Wake (16.62 ± 2.43), Light (15.15 ± 1.53), SWS (15.06 ± 0.96), and REM (16.37 ± 2.03).
  • Respiratory rate fluctuations differed across sleep stages, suggesting varied autonomic regulation.
  • Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revealed a scaling exponent of approximately 0.7 for all sleep stages, indicating long-range correlations.

Conclusions:

  • Different sleep stages are associated with distinct autonomic control of breathing, reflected in varying respiratory rates and fluctuations.
  • Respiratory rates demonstrate long-range correlated behavior throughout all sleep stages, despite stage-specific differences in fluctuation patterns.
  • The findings provide quantitative support for the hypothesis of altered breathing dynamics during sleep.