Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

2.5K
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
2.5K
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

51.5K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
51.5K
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

2.7K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
2.7K
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

2.6K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
2.6K
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

27.2K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
27.2K
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

3.0K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A human-specific microRNA controls the timing of excitatory synaptogenesis.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Transcranial pulse stimulation modulates spectral signatures of Alzheimer's disease in the 3×Tg-AD mouse model.

Alzheimer's research & therapy·2026
Same author

The Unexplored Role of Noncoding Regulatory RNAs in Engram Dynamics.

The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry·2026
Same author

Single-cell and isoform-specific translational profiling of the mouse brain.

Nature·2026
Same author

Gap Junctional Communication Required for the Establishment of Long-Term Robust Ca<sup>2+</sup> Oscillations Across Human Neuronal Spheroids and Extended 2D Cultures.

Cells·2025
Same author

Peripheral MicroRNA Expression Patterns as Biomarkers for Adolescent Depression.

Biological psychiatry global open science·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Combining Optogenetics with Artificial microRNAs to Characterize the Effects of Gene Knockdown on Presynaptic Function within Intact Neuronal Circuits
09:17

Combining Optogenetics with Artificial microRNAs to Characterize the Effects of Gene Knockdown on Presynaptic Function within Intact Neuronal Circuits

Published on: March 14, 2018

11.4K

MicroRNAs and synaptic plasticity--a mutual relationship.

Ayla Aksoy-Aksel1, Federico Zampa1, Gerhard Schratt2

  • 1Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|August 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression in the brain. This review explores how neuronal activity impacts miRNA function and their role in synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, and neurological disorders like epilepsy.

Keywords:
cognitionlearning and memorymicroRNAneurological diseaseneuronal activitysynaptic plasticity

More Related Videos

Implantation of a Cranial Window for Repeated In Vivo Imaging in Awake Mice
06:33

Implantation of a Cranial Window for Repeated In Vivo Imaging in Awake Mice

Published on: June 22, 2021

7.9K
Presynaptically Silent Synapses Studied with Light Microscopy
11:02

Presynaptically Silent Synapses Studied with Light Microscopy

Published on: January 4, 2010

10.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Combining Optogenetics with Artificial microRNAs to Characterize the Effects of Gene Knockdown on Presynaptic Function within Intact Neuronal Circuits
09:17

Combining Optogenetics with Artificial microRNAs to Characterize the Effects of Gene Knockdown on Presynaptic Function within Intact Neuronal Circuits

Published on: March 14, 2018

11.4K
Implantation of a Cranial Window for Repeated In Vivo Imaging in Awake Mice
06:33

Implantation of a Cranial Window for Repeated In Vivo Imaging in Awake Mice

Published on: June 22, 2021

7.9K
Presynaptically Silent Synapses Studied with Light Microscopy
11:02

Presynaptically Silent Synapses Studied with Light Microscopy

Published on: January 4, 2010

10.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key gene expression regulators in the postnatal mammalian brain.
  • Early research focused on miRNA function in neuronal development using in vitro models.
  • Emerging evidence highlights miRNAs' roles in neural circuit plasticity, cognition, and neuropsychiatric diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the bidirectional relationship between miRNAs and synaptic plasticity.
  • To summarize how neuronal activity influences miRNA biogenesis and function.
  • To discuss miRNA involvement in higher cognitive functions and neurological disorders, particularly epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on miRNA function in the mammalian brain.
  • Analysis of research on neuronal activity-dependent regulation of miRNAs.
  • Synthesis of findings from rodent models investigating miRNA roles in plasticity and disease.

Main Results:

  • Neuronal activity modulates multiple stages of miRNA life cycle: transcription, maturation, function, and turnover.
  • miRNAs play significant roles in synaptic plasticity in rodent models.
  • Dysregulation of miRNAs is implicated in cognitive deficits and neurological disorders, including epilepsy.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs and synaptic plasticity exhibit a mutual regulatory relationship.
  • Understanding this interplay is crucial for deciphering cognitive processes and neurological diseases.
  • miRNAs represent potential therapeutic targets for conditions like epilepsy.