[Terson syndrome--a literature review]

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Neurology
• Vascular Surgery

Context:

• Terson syndrome, characterized by intraocular hemorrhage, is a rare complication of intracranial hemorrhage.
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysms is the primary cause in adults.
• The exact pathogenesis remains unclear, but increased intracranial pressure is implicated.

Purpose:

• To review and synthesize current literature on Terson syndrome.
• To discuss the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of Terson syndrome.
• To highlight the rare nature and diagnostic challenges of this condition.

Summary:

• Terson syndrome presents with various intraocular hemorrhages, most commonly vitreous hemorrhage.
• Symptoms include decreased visual acuity, headache, and loss of consciousness.
• Diagnosis relies on ophthalmic examination and neuroimaging to identify the underlying intracranial event.

Impact:

• Provides a comprehensive overview for clinicians managing patients with Terson syndrome.
• Aids in understanding the pathophysiology and diagnostic criteria.
• Informs treatment strategies for this rare but potentially vision-threatening condition.