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Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

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Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by &#960;-&#960; Stacking Interactions
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Diglycerol-based polyesters: melt polymerization with hydrophobic anhydrides.

Deivasagayam Dakshinamoorthy1, Allison K Weinstock, Krishnan Damodaran

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, New Kensington, Pennsylvania 15068 (USA).

Chemsuschem
|August 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Sustainable polyesters were created using diglycerol and bio-based anhydrides. This eco-friendly method offers a promising route to novel, degradable materials with high bio-content and tunable properties.

Keywords:
anhydridesbiomassgreen chemistrypolymerssustainable chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Developing sustainable polymers is crucial for reducing environmental impact.
  • Bio-based monomers offer a renewable alternative to petroleum-based feedstocks.
  • Polyesters derived from natural sources are gaining attention for their potential degradability and reduced carbon footprint.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel, sustainable polyesters via melt polymerization.
  • To utilize diglycerol and bicyclic anhydride monomers derived from α-phellandrene.
  • To investigate the impact of monomer hydrophobicity on polyester properties.

Main Methods:

  • Solvent-free Diels-Alder reaction at ambient temperature to synthesize hydrophobic anhydrides from α-phellandrene and maleic anhydride.
  • Melt polymerization of diglycerol with the synthesized bicyclic anhydrides under varying molar ratios.
  • Characterization of resulting polyesters, focusing on swelling behavior and sustainability metrics.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of polyesters through melt polymerization of diglycerol and bicyclic anhydrides.
  • Hydrophobicity of the α-phellandrene-derived anhydride significantly influences polyester swelling behavior.
  • Achieved high bio-based content (>75%) and low E factors (<2), indicating a sustainable process.
  • Demonstrated polymer degradability, a key feature for eco-friendly materials.

Conclusions:

  • Melt polymerization of diglycerol with bicyclic anhydrides derived from α-phellandrene offers a sustainable route to novel polyesters.
  • The hydrophobicity of the natural monoterpene monomer is a critical factor in tuning polyester properties like swelling.
  • These polyesters exhibit excellent sustainability credentials, including high bio-based content, low environmental impact (E factor), and degradability.