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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

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Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
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Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due...
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IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

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Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared FT-IR Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology
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[Infrared thoracoscopy].

Yoshitaka Kasai1, Hiroyasu Yokomise

  • 1Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.

Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of Thoracic Surgery
|August 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Infrared thoracoscopy with indocyanine green (ICG) visualizes lung perfusion and anatomy. This technique enables precise anatomical segmentectomy without lung reinflation, improving thoracic surgery.

Area of Science:

  • Minimally invasive surgical techniques
  • Medical imaging
  • Pulmonary medicine

Context:

  • Traditional methods for identifying lung structures, like the inflation-deflation line, can prolong surgery in video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS).
  • Assessing lung perfusion is crucial for surgical planning and outcomes.
  • Indocyanine green (ICG) is a fluorescent dye used in medical imaging.

Purpose:

  • To review the principles and clinical utility of infrared thoracoscopy with ICG for evaluating lung perfusion and anatomy.
  • To compare the 2-wavelength (absorption-based) and 1-wavelength (fluorescence-based) methods of infrared thoracoscopy.
  • To highlight the advantages of ICG-enhanced infrared thoracoscopy for anatomical segmentectomy, avoiding lung reinflation.

Summary:

  • Infrared thoracoscopy with indocyanine green (ICG) effectively visualizes lung perfusion and intersegmental borders in animal and clinical studies.

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  • The 2-wavelength method offers superior image clarity, while the 1-wavelength method provides longer staining duration and lower ICG dosage.
  • This technique facilitates precise anatomical segmentectomy by relying on blood flow, bypassing the need for lung reinflation and potentially reducing operative time.

    • Impact:

    • Infrared thoracoscopy with ICG offers a novel approach to enhance visualization during thoracic surgery.
    • The ability to perform anatomical segmentectomy without lung reinflation may improve surgical precision and efficiency.
    • This technology has the potential to refine surgical planning and improve outcomes in patients undergoing lung resections.