In vivo bioreactors for mandibular reconstruction

Area of Science:

• Regenerative Medicine
• Biomaterials Engineering
• Craniofacial Surgery

Background:

• Reconstructing large mandibular defects presents challenges due to complex bone geometry.
• Current free tissue flap transfer methods have limitations in shape fidelity and donor site morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce the concept and application of in vivo bioreactors for craniofacial bone reconstruction.
• To review preclinical models and summarize human cases utilizing in vivo bioreactor technology.
• To discuss future directions for in vivo bioreactor-assisted mandibular reconstruction.

Main Methods:

• Implantation of in vivo bioreactors in ectopic sites for tissue regeneration.
• Utilizing bioreactors to guide ossified tissue growth in predefined geometries.
• Recruiting local vasculature for construct vascularization within the bioreactor.

Main Results:

• In vivo bioreactors enable the generation of autologous prefabricated tissue flaps.
• These flaps can be harvested with integrated vasculature for direct transfer.
• Successful application in preclinical models and reported human cases demonstrates feasibility.

Conclusions:

• In vivo bioreactors represent a significant advancement in mandibular defect reconstruction.
• This technology holds potential for improved functional and aesthetic outcomes.
• Further research and clinical translation are warranted to optimize this regenerative approach.