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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Ureters01:22

Ureters

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The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

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The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium01:29

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium

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Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. Stratified epithelium is named after the shape of the most apical layer of cells. Stratified squamous epithelium is the most common type found in the human body. In this tissue, the apical cells are squamous, whereas the basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells. The basal cells divide to form new daughter cells, which gradually become...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

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The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

A Decentralized Ex Vivo Murine Bladder Model with the Detrusor Muscle Removed for Direct Access to the Suburothelium during Bladder Filling
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A Decentralized Ex Vivo Murine Bladder Model with the Detrusor Muscle Removed for Direct Access to the Suburothelium during Bladder Filling

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Telocytes subtypes in human urinary bladder.

Maria-Giuliana Vannucchi1, Chiara Traini, Daniele Guasti

  • 1Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Embryology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|August 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified three subtypes of telocytes (TC) in the human urinary bladder. These cells, crucial for bladder function, adapt their structure based on location, aiding in voiding and reflexes.

Keywords:
CD34PDGFRαc-Kitcalreticulindetrusorlamina propriamast cellsmyofibroblastssub-urothelium and submucosaαSMA

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Isolation and Culture of Primary Neurons and Glia from Adult Rat Urinary Bladder
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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Cell Biology
  • Histology

Background:

  • Urinary bladder voiding is a complex process involving multiple cell types.
  • The precise identity and function of certain connective tissue cells in the bladder remain unclear.
  • Telocytes (TC) are a type of interstitial cell with potential roles in tissue structure and signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the phenotype and subtypes of telocytes in the human urinary bladder.
  • To investigate the ultrastructural features and molecular markers of these cells.
  • To understand the potential role of different telocyte subtypes in bladder function and reflexes.

Main Methods:

  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine ultrastructural characteristics.
  • Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against CD34, PDGFRα, αSMA, c-Kit, and calreticulin.
  • Cells were analyzed based on their location within the bladder wall (sub-urothelium, submucosa, detrusor).

Main Results:

  • Three distinct subtypes of telocytes (TC) were identified in the human urinary bladder.
  • Sub-urothelial TC were further classified into two subtypes based on αSMA expression and attachment plaques, with one subtype forming a network with myofibroblasts near nerve endings.
  • A third TC subtype, lacking αSMA and c-Kit, was found in the submucosa and detrusor.

Conclusions:

  • The human urinary bladder harbors unique telocyte subtypes with distinct morphologies and marker expressions.
  • These telocytes likely form a 3D scaffold that supports bladder wall distension and prevents deformation.
  • Sub-urothelial telocytes, in proximity to nerves, may play a significant role in bladder reflexes and sensory functions.