Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Classical Conditioning01:18

Classical Conditioning

14.1K
Associative learning, a core principle in behavioral psychology, involves forming connections between events and facilitating learned responses. This concept is vividly illustrated by classical conditioning, a process extensively studied by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov's pioneering research on dogs' digestive systems led to the discovery that behaviors can be learned through association, laying the groundwork for classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs...
14.1K
Principles of Classical Conditioning01:23

Principles of Classical Conditioning

4.0K
Classical conditioning, as described by Ivan Pavlov, is a foundational concept in associative learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus. The process of acquisition, where this learning occurs, and the subsequent phenomena of contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of classical conditioning.
During the...
4.0K
Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

2.5K
Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
2.5K
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

51.5K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
51.5K
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

2.7K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
2.7K
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

6.4K
Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
6.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Beyond synaptic plasticity: a summary of a linear model of the cerebellar locomotor computation.

Frontiers in neural circuits·2026
Same author

Psychostimulant effects on motor and cognitive function in adults attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology·2026
Same author

Risk of Suicide in Patients With Traumatic Injuries.

JAMA network open·2026
Same author

Neurocognition, cerebellar functions and psychiatric features in spinocerebellar ataxia type 34: a case series.

Frontiers in computational neuroscience·2025
Same author

Interspecies variations in eyeblink conditioning.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2025
Same author

Training on multiple days results in better learning in embedded eyeblink conditioning in young human adults.

NPJ science of learning·2025
Same journal

Developmental trajectories of vocal behaviors in common marmosets as a reference framework for neurobehavioral studies.

Frontiers in neural circuits·2026
Same journal

Fleeing is believing: adaptive behavior under social threat as an inference process.

Frontiers in neural circuits·2026
Same journal

A modular and flexible pipeline for intraoperative electrode reconstruction and localization in patients with brain lesions.

Frontiers in neural circuits·2026
Same journal

Functional implications of atypical action potential generation in the (patho)physiological brain: from developmental program to glioma.

Frontiers in neural circuits·2026
Same journal

Loss of function of Noggin inhibits glial scar formation and motor function recovery after spinal cord injury.

Frontiers in neural circuits·2026
Same journal

Cross domain consistency of aesthetic preference-driven social behavior.

Frontiers in neural circuits·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity
11:56

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

Published on: November 11, 2017

18.3K

Changes in complex spike activity during classical conditioning.

Anders Rasmussen1, Dan-Anders Jirenhed1, Daniel Z Wetmore2

  • 1Department of Experimental Medical Science, Associative Learning Group, Lund University Lund, Sweden ; Linneaus Center CCL, Lund University Lund, Sweden.

Frontiers in Neural Circuits
|August 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows that learning in eyeblink conditioning reduces Purkinje cell complex spike activity, supporting the nucleo-olivary feedback hypothesis. This learning-related change in the cerebellum is crucial for conditioned responses.

Keywords:
complex spikeseyeblink conditioningin vivo electrophysiologyinferior oliveinterstimulus intervalnucleo-olivary pathwayoscillationspurkinje cells

More Related Videos

Recording Single Neurons' Action Potentials from Freely Moving Pigeons Across Three Stages of Learning
11:20

Recording Single Neurons' Action Potentials from Freely Moving Pigeons Across Three Stages of Learning

Published on: June 2, 2014

11.4K
Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays
10:45

Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays

Published on: May 29, 2017

10.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity
11:56

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

Published on: November 11, 2017

18.3K
Recording Single Neurons' Action Potentials from Freely Moving Pigeons Across Three Stages of Learning
11:20

Recording Single Neurons' Action Potentials from Freely Moving Pigeons Across Three Stages of Learning

Published on: June 2, 2014

11.4K
Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays
10:45

Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays

Published on: May 29, 2017

10.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cerebellar Function
  • Learning and Memory

Background:

  • The cerebellar cortex is essential for conditioned responses (CRs) in eyeblink conditioning.
  • Purkinje cells in the cerebellum acquire pause responses to conditioned stimuli (CS), leading to disinhibition of cerebellar nuclei (CN) and motor nuclei activation.
  • This disinhibition also inhibits the inferior olive (IO) via the nucleo-olivary (N-O) pathway, which relays the unconditioned stimulus (US).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how learned changes in Purkinje cell simple spike firing affect the inferior olive (IO).
  • To analyze changes in simple and complex spike firing in Purkinje cells during eyeblink conditioning training.

Main Methods:

  • Extracellular recording of Purkinje cell simple and complex spike firing in the C3 zone of decerebrate ferrets.
  • Analysis of spike activity during a conditioning paradigm with varying interstimulus intervals (ISIs).

Main Results:

  • Acquisition of conditioned responses correlated with a gradual decrease in complex spike activity during the CS, consistent with the N-O feedback hypothesis.
  • Training with a short ISI, which did not lead to CR acquisition, did not cause suppression of complex spike activity.
  • Extinction training did not result in recovery of complex spike activity, and post-CS spike patterns were irregular.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the N-O feedback hypothesis, suggesting learned changes in cerebellar output modulate IO activity.
  • The study highlights the role of Purkinje cell activity modulation in the cerebellar circuitry underlying conditioned responses.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the less conclusive findings regarding extinction and post-CS activity patterns.