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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Urethroplasty with Pedicled Tunica Vaginalis for the Treatment of Long-segment Anterior Urethral Stricture Caused by Lichen Sclerosus of Glans Penis
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Spontaneous postmenopausal urethral prolapse treated surgically and successfully.

I Klein1, Y Dekel1, A Stein1

  • 1Department of Urology, Carmel Medical Center and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Michal 7 Street, 34362 Haifa, Israel.

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Summary

Urethral prolapse, a rare condition usually seen in young girls, can also affect adult women. Surgical management proved successful in a 60-year-old woman, with symptoms resolving post-procedure.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • Urethral prolapse (UP) is the eversion of urethral mucosa through the meatus.
  • It predominantly affects premenarcheal females, particularly those of African-American descent.
  • Treatment options include medical and surgical interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of spontaneous urethral prolapse in an adult postmenopausal woman.
  • To highlight the efficacy of surgical management in such cases.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 60-year-old Caucasian woman with spontaneous urethral prolapse.
  • Review of medical and surgical treatment approaches.
  • Documentation of post-operative outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with spontaneous urethral prolapse.
  • Medical management was unsuccessful.
  • Surgical intervention led to complete resolution of symptoms.
  • The patient remained asymptomatic at 18-month follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Urethral prolapse can occur in postmenopausal women.
  • Surgical management is a viable and effective option for adult female urethral prolapse.
  • Successful surgical outcomes can be achieved even after failed medical treatment.