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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films

Published on: November 9, 2015

A DGT technique for plutonium bioavailability measurements.

Ruslan Cusnir¹, Philipp Steinmann, François Bochud

¹Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital , Lausanne, Switzerland.

Environmental Science & Technology

|August 21, 2014

Summary

The diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique effectively measures plutonium bioavailability in aquatic environments. This method assesses labile plutonium fractions, predicting potential bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms.

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Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Radiochemistry
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Heavy metal toxicity in aquatic ecosystems is influenced by water chemistry.
Bioavailability assessment of radionuclides is crucial for predicting toxic effects on aquatic life.
The diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique is widely used for trace metal bioavailability but not yet for plutonium.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the applicability of the DGT technique for measuring plutonium bioavailability in diverse chemical environments.
To determine plutonium diffusion coefficients in polyacrylamide gels under varying conditions.
To evaluate the DGT method's potential for assessing plutonium bioaccumulation in aquatic biota.

Main Methods:

Utilized a diffusion cell to measure plutonium diffusion coefficients (D) in polyacrylamide (PAM) gel.
Assessed plutonium diffusion in the presence of fulvic acid and natural waters with low dissolved organic matter (DOM).
Investigated the effect of humic acid on plutonium diffusion and validated results using commercial DGT devices with Chelex resin.

Main Results:

Plutonium diffusion coefficients in PAM gel ranged from 2.06-2.29 × 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1).
Diffusion was reduced in the presence of fulvic acid and low DOM (1.10-2.03 × 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1)).
Humic acid significantly hindered plutonium diffusion (0.50 × 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1)), and laboratory DGT results aligned with diffusion cell experiments.

Conclusions:

The DGT technique is a viable method for measuring plutonium bioavailability in aquatic systems.
Plutonium diffusion and bioavailability are significantly affected by the water's chemical composition, particularly DOM.
This research paves the way for using DGT to assess the bioaccumulation potential of labile plutonium fractions in aquatic organisms.