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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells
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Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells

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Cell replacement therapies: is it time to reprogram?

Harald M Mikkers1, Christian Freund, Christine L Mummery

  • 11 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands .

Human Gene Therapy
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Induced pluripotent stem cells offer new therapeutic avenues beyond blood disorders. This technology bypasses donor limitations, enabling personalized cell therapies for various diseases.

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Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method
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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Cellular reprogramming

Background:

  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a successful therapy for blood disorders but faces donor limitations.
  • Somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency or direct lineage conversion offers potential for cell replacement therapies.
  • Allogeneic cell transplantation challenges include the need for human leukocyte antigen-matched donors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the therapeutic potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and direct cellular reprogramming.
  • To discuss the opportunities presented by these novel cell generation technologies.
  • To summarize collaborative research efforts in the Netherlands within this field.

Main Methods:

  • Expression of key transcription factors to induce pluripotency in somatic cells.
  • Direct conversion of somatic cells into other differentiated cell types or progenitor cells.
  • Utilizing Nobel Prize-winning discoveries in cellular reprogramming.

Main Results:

  • Generation of pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells.
  • Direct differentiation of somatic cells into specific cell lineages.
  • Creation of patient-specific cell types for research and potential therapy.
  • Overcoming limitations associated with donor-dependent cell therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular reprogramming technologies revolutionize stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.
  • These approaches provide a promising alternative to allogeneic transplantation by generating patient-specific cells.
  • Collaborative research, such as that in the Netherlands, is advancing the clinical application of these powerful technologies.