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Occupational contact dermatitis caused by D-limonene.

Maria Pesonen1, Sari Suomela, Outi Kuuliala

  • 1Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00250, Helsinki, Finland.

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Summary

Occupational contact allergy to limonene is common in workers using cleaning products and hand cleansers. Even cosmetic products containing limonene can cause occupational contact dermatitis.

Keywords:
contact allergyd-limonenelimonene hydroperoxidesoccupational contact dermatitisoxidation of limonenepatch testing

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Occupational Health
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Limonene is a common ingredient in fragrances and solvents.
  • Oxidized limonene is a known contact allergen in consumer products.
  • Occupational exposure and dermatitis from limonene are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate occupational contact allergy to limonene.
  • To report on 14 patients with occupational contact allergy to limonene.

Main Methods:

  • Patch testing with oxidized limonene and limonene hydroperoxides.
  • Assessment of occupational and domestic exposure to limonene.
  • Patient examination over a five-year period (2008-2013).

Main Results:

  • Occupational limonene allergy identified in workers using cleaning detergents, hand cleansers, surface cleaners, and dishwashing liquids.
  • Three cases of occupational allergy linked to leave-on cosmetic products containing limonene.
  • Identified specific occupational settings and product types associated with limonene allergy.

Conclusions:

  • Limonene is a significant occupational sensitizer, particularly in cleaning products and hand cleansers.
  • Occupational contact allergy to limonene can result from exposure to scented cosmetic products.
  • Highlights the importance of recognizing limonene as an occupational allergen in various work environments.