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Related Concept Videos

Microbe-Plant Interactions01:09

Microbe-Plant Interactions

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Microbe-plant interactions represent a dynamic spectrum of associations shaped by intricate chemical signaling. These interactions can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental, and profoundly influence plant physiology, growth, and ecosystem function. The plant microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in mediating these effects through surface colonization, internal colonization, or systemic symbiosis.Mutualistic associations, particularly with...
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Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
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Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity
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Negative, neutral, and positive interactions among nonnative plants: patterns, processes, and management

Sara E Kuebbing1, Martin A Nuñez

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1610, USA.

Global Change Biology
|August 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Interactions between nonnative plant species are often negative or neutral, but positive interactions can occur. Understanding these plant traits can help predict future invasions and guide management strategies.

Keywords:
invader interactionsinvasional meltdownlevel of invasionnonnative interactionsplant communitiespositive interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Invasive Species Biology
  • Global Change Biology

Background:

  • Nonnative species movement is a major global change, impacting ecosystems worldwide.
  • Understanding species interactions is key to managing invasive species, yet interactions among nonnatives are understudied.
  • Nonnative species frequently co-occur, highlighting the need to study their interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and describe interaction types among nonnative plants globally.
  • To identify factors influencing the outcomes of nonnative plant interactions.
  • To assess the prevalence and drivers of positive and negative interactions between invasive plants.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a census of interaction types from 65 studies (201 observations).
  • Performed a meta-analysis of experiments on nonnative plant competition intensity.
  • Recorded interaction types, species traits (nitrogen fixation, life cycle, functional group), and study characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Negative and neutral interactions were most common among nonnative plants.
  • Removal of dominant nonnatives often led to the competitive release of other invasive species.
  • Positive interactions were less frequent but influenced by plant traits: more common with nitrogen-fixing and woody species, less common with annuals.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of negative interactions suggests reinvasion risk after removing dominant nonnatives.
  • Plant traits like nitrogen fixation, life cycle, and functional group can predict positive nonnative interactions.
  • Predicting these interactions aids in assessing habitat invasibility and prioritizing management efforts for high-risk invaders.