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Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes

Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes

Published on: April 12, 2015

Multi-lineage MSC differentiation via engineered morphogen fields.

P R Arany¹, G X Huang², O Gadish²

¹Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Journal of Dental Research

|August 22, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed advanced scaffolds to precisely control morphogen signals, guiding stem cell differentiation for oral tissue regeneration. This breakthrough offers new possibilities for engineering complex tissues in dentistry.

Keywords:

TGF-beta1 dentinogenesis directed differentiation growth factors osteogenesis scaffolds

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In Vitro Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Cardiomyocyte-like Cells

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Published on: August 9, 2017

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Stem Cell Biology

Background:

Oral tissue loss necessitates multi-lineage regeneration.
Directing stem cell differentiation is a key challenge in oral tissue engineering.
Current methods struggle to precisely control morphogen signaling for lineage specification.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop polymeric scaffold systems for spatiotemporally controlled morphogen delivery.
To precisely direct mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation using engineered morphogen fields.
To create in situ models for exploring multi-lineage tissue differentiation.

Main Methods:

Utilized three-layer scaffolds with segregated morphogen cues (TGF-β1, BMP4).
Employed mathematical modeling and inhibitors to design a five-layer scaffold for distinct signaling zones.
Incorporated latent TGF-β1 with laser activation for temporal control in concentric scaffolds.

Main Results:

Initial scaffolds produced diffuse morphogen fields.
The five-layer scaffold design successfully generated spatially segregated morphogen signaling zones.
Demonstrated on-demand, localized dentin differentiation using laser-activated TGF-β1.

Conclusions:

Advanced scaffold design enables precise control over morphogen fields.
This technology can guide stem cell differentiation for multi-lineage tissue regeneration.
Potential applications in clinical dentistry for engineering complex oral tissues.