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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
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Ankle Joint01:10

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Joints01:26

Joints

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Novel 3D-Printed Titanium Implant for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Hip Dysplasia in Young Dogs
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Do normal hips dislocate?

Zeiad Alshameeri1, Andreas Rehm

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.

Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. Part B
|August 22, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Normal hips in children do not dislocate. Review of cases suggests developmental dysplasia of the hip, not normal hip dislocation, is the actual diagnosis. Accurate ultrasound and clinical assessment are crucial.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Case reports suggest late dislocation of normal hips in children.
  • Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common pediatric condition.
  • Accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate treatment.

Observation:

  • The study reviewed published case reports of "late normal-hip dislocations."
  • Ultrasound scans in these reports were not entirely normal.
  • Clinical assessments by experienced surgeons are vital.

Findings:

  • There is no convincing evidence of true normal hip dislocation.
  • Apparent dislocations in reported cases are likely manifestations of undiagnosed DDH.
  • Meticulous ultrasound and clinical evaluation are critical for high-risk infants.

Implications:

  • Re-evaluation of the concept of "late normal-hip dislocation" is needed.
  • Emphasizes the importance of thorough screening for DDH in at-risk children.
  • Highlights the role of experienced orthopedic surgeons in accurate diagnosis and management.