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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

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The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

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The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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The microbiome and the lung.

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The human lung microbiome, crucial for health and disease, requires standardized methods for study. Research shows environmental microbial exposure impacts lung health, potentially preventing childhood asthma.

Keywords:
HIV/AIDSasthmachronic obstructive pulmonary diseaselungmicrobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Human microbiome research is advancing rapidly due to new sequencing technologies.
  • The lung microbiome's role in health and disease is an emerging area of study.
  • Understanding lung microbial communities is vital for diagnosing and treating respiratory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of microbiome study basics.
  • To highlight challenges and advocate for standardized methodologies in lung microbiome research.
  • To review the lung microbiome's association with disease, fungal species, and environmental influences.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on human microbiome studies.
  • Analysis of challenges in lung microbiome research, including sampling and analysis.
  • Synthesis of findings on lung microbial communities in health and disease states.

Main Results:

  • The lung microbiome is implicated in various health and disease states.
  • Fungal species are recognized as components of the lung microbiome.
  • Environmental microbial exposures can influence lung health, with inverse correlation to childhood asthma development.

Conclusions:

  • Standardization of lung microbiome research methodologies is essential.
  • Further investigation is needed to fully elucidate the lung microbiome's role in respiratory health and disease.
  • Environmental microbiome interactions offer potential insights into preventing lung diseases like asthma.