Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

169
Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
169
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

60
The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
60
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

9
Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
9
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

4.2K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
4.2K
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

1.2K
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
1.2K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

3.9K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Severe anaemia and invasive bacterial infections in Kenyan children: a 26-year hospital surveillance observational study.

The Lancet. Global health·2026
Same author

Dengue and chikungunya vaccination in military populations, a comment on Bogacka et al.

Travel medicine and infectious disease·2026
Same author

Carrying the weight in silence: lived realities of epilepsy caregivers in Shai Osudoku and Ningo Prampram.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2026
Same author

Efficacy and Safety of Newer Antibiotics Versus Generic Antibiotics for Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same author

NeuroDev: etiology and experience of neurodevelopmental disorders in Kenya and South Africa.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

The prevalence and determinants of epilepsy in Ghana: A population-based study in two districts using a three-stage approach.

Epilepsia·2026
Same journal

Assisted dying and the silencing of medicine's next generation.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Linguistic pragmatism: a woman with progressive abdominal pain in Thailand.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Medical compartmentalisation: a patient with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in Japan.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same journal

[<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-edotreotide versus everolimus for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (COMPETE): a phase 3, multicentre, randomised, open-label, superiority trial.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Research priorities for characterising Bundibugyo virus.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Rethinking treatment sequence in advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
08:46

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

Published on: August 12, 2020

5.5K

Maternal and neonatal tetanus.

C Louise Thwaites1, Nicholas J Beeching2, Charles R Newton3

  • 1Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Lancet (London, England)
|August 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal and neonatal tetanus remains a preventable killer, causing thousands of deaths annually. Continued vaccination and improved public health are crucial for global elimination efforts.

More Related Videos

Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice
04:18

Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice

Published on: October 10, 2025

722
A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
08:50

A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development

Published on: June 24, 2020

3.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
08:46

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

Published on: August 12, 2020

5.5K
Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice
04:18

Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice

Published on: October 10, 2025

722
A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
08:50

A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development

Published on: June 24, 2020

3.1K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Maternal and neonatal tetanus represent significant, yet preventable, causes of mortality in developing nations.
  • High case fatality rates and limited treatment options exacerbate the impact of these diseases.
  • The World Health Organization's Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination Initiative has driven progress, but challenges persist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the progress and ongoing challenges in the global effort to eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus.
  • To highlight the key strategies employed in tetanus elimination initiatives.
  • To underscore the remaining obstacles and future needs for complete disease eradication.

Main Methods:

  • Review of global initiatives and progress reports on maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to disease incidence and mortality.
  • Identification of countries still facing challenges in eliminating tetanus.

Main Results:

  • Substantial progress has been made in reducing maternal and neonatal tetanus incidence through vaccination and improved hygiene.
  • An estimated 58,000 neonates and an unknown number of mothers still die annually from tetanus.
  • As of June 2014, 24 countries had not yet eliminated maternal and neonatal tetanus.

Conclusions:

  • Sustained vaccination programs and enhanced public health infrastructure are essential for maintaining elimination.
  • Targeted approaches in high-risk areas remain critical.
  • Continued global commitment is necessary to achieve the complete eradication of maternal and neonatal tetanus.