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Characterizing, controlling and eliminating residual malaria transmission
1Ifakara Health Institute, Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania. gkilleen@ihi.or.tz.
Malaria Journal
|August 24, 2014
Summary
Existing malaria control methods like long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are insufficient due to mosquito behaviors. New strategies are needed to combat residual malaria transmission and achieve elimination.
Area of Science:
- Medical Entomology
- Public Health
- Vector-borne Disease Control
Background:
- Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are key malaria control tools.
- However, residual malaria transmission persists due to vector behaviors like insecticide avoidance, outdoor biting, and outdoor resting.
- These behaviors limit the effectiveness of current interventions, even with high coverage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define residual malaria transmission.
- To review novel vector control strategies addressing residual transmission.
- To emphasize the need for rigorous evaluation of new methods for malaria elimination.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on malaria vector behavior and control interventions.
- Analysis of the limitations of LLINs and IRS in the context of residual transmission.
- Categorization of emerging vector control strategies targeting different aspects of the mosquito life cycle and behavior.
Main Results:
- Residual malaria transmission is defined as transmission that persists despite high coverage of effective LLINs/IRS.
- Vector behaviors such as insecticide avoidance, outdoor host-seeking, and outdoor resting contribute significantly to residual transmission.
- Several novel strategies are emerging, targeting adult mosquitoes outdoors, indoors, or immature stages, but lack sufficient evidence for large-scale implementation.
Conclusions:
- Residual malaria transmission poses a significant barrier to malaria elimination.
- New and improved vector control methods are essential to overcome limitations of current interventions.
- Substantial investment in research and development is required to evaluate and implement effective strategies for controlling residual malaria transmission.
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