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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
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Anxiety: Overview01:18

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Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
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Panic Disorder01:27

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Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
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Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

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Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Wayne K Goodman1, Dorothy E Grice1, Kyle A B Lapidus1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA.

The Psychiatric Clinics of North America
|August 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is reviewed, highlighting the elusive serotonin hypothesis and emerging evidence for glutamate system involvement. Further research into glutamate modulation for OCD treatment is warranted.

Keywords:
CompulsionsCortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuitGlutamateHistoryObsessionsObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)SerotoninSerotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a persistent condition characterized by obsessions and compulsions.
  • OCD is now classified under Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders in DSM-5.
  • The serotonin hypothesis, based on serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) efficacy, lacks direct pathophysiological support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical features and neurochemical hypotheses of OCD.
  • To evaluate the evidence for the serotonin system's role in OCD.
  • To explore the emerging role of the glutamatergic system in OCD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical features of OCD.
  • Analysis of neurochemical hypotheses, focusing on serotonin.
  • Examination of evidence supporting the glutamatergic system in OCD, including imaging, genomics, and animal models.

Main Results:

  • Direct evidence for serotonin's role in OCD pathophysiology remains elusive.
  • Growing evidence from various studies suggests a significant role for the glutamatergic system in OCD.
  • Aberrant grooming behavior in animal models is linked to glutamatergic dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • The serotonin hypothesis for OCD requires further direct validation.
  • The glutamatergic system is a promising target for novel OCD therapeutics.
  • Circuit-based theories of OCD are compatible with a role for glutamate.