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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

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Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
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Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

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Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
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Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

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Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show...
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
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Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Related Experiment Video

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Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats
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Tics and Tourette syndrome.

Zoey A Shaw1, Barbara J Coffey1

  • 1Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA.

The Psychiatric Clinics of North America
|August 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder causing motor and vocal tics. While many improve in adulthood, some face persistent, disabling symptoms and often have comorbid conditions like ADHD or OCD.

Keywords:
ComorbidityObsessive-compulsive disorderTic disorderTicsTourette syndromeTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Child Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics.
  • Many patients experience comorbid psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of Tourette syndrome.
  • To highlight the challenges in managing persistent tics and comorbid conditions.
  • To underscore the importance of multimodal treatment approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current understanding of Tourette syndrome.
  • Analysis of tic progression and remission patterns.
  • Examination of psychiatric comorbidities and their impact.

Main Results:

  • Tourette syndrome onset is typically in childhood, presenting with motor and vocal tics.
  • While tic severity often decreases in adolescence, some individuals experience persistent, disabling symptoms.
  • High prevalence of comorbid ADHD and OCD complicates management.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of Tourette syndrome requires a multimodal approach.
  • Treatment must address both tics and associated psychiatric conditions.
  • Disentangling the symptoms of tics and comorbidities is crucial for successful intervention.