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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients With a Digital Occupational Training System
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Upper limb casting in stroke rehabilitation: rationale, options, and techniques.

Sharon R Flinn1, Kimberly Craven1

  • 1Division of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.

Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation
|August 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Upper limb casting can help stroke survivors with spasticity. More high-quality research is needed to confirm the benefits of casting for improving upper limb function and managing spasticity.

Keywords:
castshemiplegiaupper limb spasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neurorehabilitation
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Stroke survivors often experience upper limb spasticity, impacting function.
  • Casting is a common intervention for managing spasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review theoretical models of spasticity.
  • Describe and evaluate casting options for upper limb spasticity.
  • Identify safe fabrication techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of theoretical models.
  • Analysis of reported casting techniques and evidence.
  • Synthesis of current research findings.

Main Results:

  • Four casting options are described in the literature.
  • Evidence for efficacy varies, with some stroke survivors benefiting.
  • Current research lacks robust designs and adequate sample sizes.

Conclusions:

  • High-evidence research is critical to establish casting efficacy.
  • Further studies should assess long-term benefits and explore underutilized cast types.
  • Casting shows potential for improving upper limb function in specific stroke survivor groups.