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Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

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Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
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Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

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Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
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In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics
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Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics

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Glycosignaling: a general review.

Glyn Dawson1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, MC4068, University of Chicago, 5841, S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA, dawg@uchicago.edu.

Advances in Neurobiology
|August 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Glycosignaling involves cell surface sugar molecules forming microdomains for neural signaling. This concept explains brain glycoheterogeneity and drives medical advancements in neuroscience and disease research.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Glycobiology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neural cell-surface glycoconjugates form microdomains, known as Lipid Rafts.
  • These microdomains recruit signaling molecules, creating transient signaling units.
  • This process is crucial for understanding brain glycoheterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the origins and significance of glycomicrodomains in the brain.
  • To explore the role of lipid heterogeneity in brain development and pathology.
  • To discuss the function of the glycocalyx as a glial barrier.

Main Methods:

  • Discusses the isolation and study of glycomicrodomains.
  • Highlights modern technologies like nanoparticle labeling and molecular microscopy.

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  • Presents examples of glycosignaling in specific brain functions.

    • Main Results:

    • Glycosignaling within lipid rafts facilitates neural communication.
    • Lipid heterogeneity influences brain development and disease states.
    • The glycocalyx plays a role in glial barrier function.

    Conclusions:

    • Glycosignaling is fundamental to understanding neural processes and brain disorders.
    • Advanced imaging and labeling techniques are key to studying these microdomains.
    • Further research into glycosignaling holds translational potential for therapeutic interventions.