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Disorders of Leukocytes

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

Abnormal Proliferation

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...

Cancer

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

Skin Cancer

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Published on: March 30, 2018

[Malignant lymphoma].

Naoko Asano, Shigeo Nakamura

Rinsho Byori. the Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology

|August 26, 2014

Summary

The World Health Organization (WHO) classification for lymphoma diagnosis relies on histology, phenotype, and genotype indicators. This paper details these diagnostic items for accurate lymphoma classification.

Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology
Pathology

Context:

The World Health Organization (WHO) classification serves as the definitive guide for lymphoma diagnosis.
Accurate lymphoma classification requires objective indicators, including histology, phenotype, and genotype.
Despite advancements, the origins and tumorigenesis mechanisms of all neoplasms are not fully understood.

Purpose:

To detail the diagnostic indicators used in the current WHO classification for lymphoma.
To explain the role of phenotypic and genotypic assessments in lymphoma diagnosis.
To outline diagnostic applications derived from immunohistochemistry and gene/chromosome tests.

Summary:

Lymphoma diagnosis under the WHO classification integrates histological, phenotypic, and genotypic findings.

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Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Published on: March 30, 2018

Bioprinting of Hydrogel Tumor Slices as a 3D Model for Mantle Cell Lymphoma

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Published on: September 12, 2025

Isolating Malignant and Non-Malignant B Cells from lck:eGFP Zebrafish

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Published on: February 22, 2019

Immunohistochemistry and gene/chromosome tests are crucial for evaluating phenotypes and genotypes.

Diagnostic applications include histological assessment, oncogene identification, prognostic factor evaluation, and microenvironment analysis.

Impact:

Enhances the objectivity and accuracy of lymphoma diagnosis.
Provides a comprehensive overview of diagnostic items for pathologists and researchers.
Facilitates a deeper understanding of lymphoma biology and aids in treatment strategy development.