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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Th17 cells in inflammation and autoimmunity.

Ram Pyare Singh1, Sascha Hasan2, Sherven Sharma3

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1670, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1670, USA.

Autoimmunity Reviews
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T helper 17 (Th17) cells drive inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Targeting IL-17 pathways with new biologics shows promise for treating these immune-mediated conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • T helper 17 (Th17) cells are crucial CD4(+) T cells.
  • Their primary cytokine, IL-17, plays a key role in immune responses.
  • Dysregulation of Th17 cells contributes to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of Th17 cells in immune-mediated diseases.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting IL-17 pathways.
  • To identify novel therapeutic targets for autoimmune conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Th17 cells and IL-17.
  • Analysis of current and developing therapeutic strategies.
  • Synthesis of evidence linking Th17 cells to disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Th17 cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
  • Several biologic candidates targeting IL-17 or its pathways are under development.
  • Drugs modulating the IL-17 pathway are progressing through clinical trials for autoimmune disease treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Th17 cells are central players in immune-mediated diseases.
  • Targeting IL-17 offers a promising therapeutic avenue.
  • Further understanding of Th17 cell roles can reveal new treatment targets.