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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection
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Merkel cell carcinoma: what makes a difference?

Jennifer Tseng1, Birat Dhungel1, Jane K Mills2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

American Journal of Surgery
|August 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evaluating Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) treatment outcomes reveals that lymph node assessment is crucial for survival. Adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy roles in MCC require further investigation.

Keywords:
ChemotherapyLymph nodeMerkel cell carcinomaRadiation

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive skin cancer with high metastatic potential.
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a standard staging procedure for MCC.
  • The efficacy of adjuvant therapies in MCC remains uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different treatment modalities on Merkel cell carcinoma outcomes.
  • To analyze the prognostic significance of lymph node status in MCC patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 4,038 primary skin MCC cases from 1988-2012 across three US states.
  • Utilized state cancer registry data for patient cohort.
  • Employed Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier methods for survival analysis.

Main Results:

  • Patients with positive lymph nodes or undocumented nodal status exhibited poorer survival.
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) demonstrated improved survival compared to no nodal evaluation.
  • Completion lymph node dissection improved survival in patients with positive SLNB.
  • Adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy did not significantly impact survival in node-positive patients post-SLNB.

Conclusions:

  • Lymph node evaluation is a critical factor in Merkel cell carcinoma management.
  • The role of adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy in MCC requires further prospective studies.