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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Current guidelines for dementia screening: shortcomings and recommended changes.

Magdalena I Tolea1, James E Galvin1

  • 1Comprehensive Center on Brain Aging, New York University Langone Medical Center, 145 East 32nd Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.

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Summary

Primary care providers can now better diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) by navigating updated guidelines and incorporating biomarker testing for early detection and intervention.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Multiple diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease (AD) create confusion for primary care providers.
  • Existing diagnostic approaches may lack clarity on community recognition of memory impairment and effective screening methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and clarify current Alzheimer's disease diagnostic guidelines for primary care.
  • To address challenges in implementing these guidelines, including biomarker utilization and early detection strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current Alzheimer's disease diagnostic guidelines.
  • Analysis of challenges in clinical practice, such as biomarker interpretation and community awareness.
  • Formulation of recommendations for improved early detection and diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • The review provides a navigation framework for diverse AD diagnostic guidelines.
  • Identified key challenges include biomarker integration and public understanding of memory impairment.
  • Recommendations are proposed for streamlined early detection and diagnosis in primary care settings.

Conclusions:

  • Adoption of biomarkers in clinical practice will enhance diagnostic certainty for Alzheimer's disease pathology.
  • Biomarker testing enables earlier detection of AD pathology, potentially before symptom onset.
  • This facilitates interventions to prevent or slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.